RockGlobal Glossary

Master the Markets: A Comprehensive Guide to Trading Terminology

The ask price is the price at which a market can be bought, and it is usually the higher of the two quoted prices. Full:
In CFD trading, an asset class refers to a specific category of financial instruments that share similar characteristics and behave similarly in the marketplace.
ATR is a volatility indicator that measures the average range of price movement over a set period.
The base currency is the first currency in an FX pair and represents the unit being priced.
The bid price is the specific price at which a CFD broker is willing to buy a financial instrument from a trader.
The bid-ask spread is the difference between the bid price and the ask price and is a core trading cost.
A breakout occurs when price moves beyond a well-watched level, often triggering increased activity and volatility.
A bull market is a period where prices trend higher over time, often alongside improving sentiment.
A candlestick shows an instrument’s open, high, low, and close over a chosen time period.
A CFD is a derivative contract where the profit or loss is based on the price movement of an underlying instrument.
A commission is a fee charged on a trade, often separate from the spread.
Contract size is the standardised quantity of the underlying represented by one contract.
Correlation describes how closely two instruments move in relation to each other over time.
Correlation describes how closely two instruments move in relation to each other over a period of time, and it can strengthen or break down as market regimes change.

CPI

The Consumers Price Index (CPI) measures the rate of price changes for a "basket" of goods and services purchased by households.
Credit spreads measure the extra yield investors demand to hold corporate or riskier debt over safer benchmarks, and they are widely used as a barometer of risk appetite and financial stress.
A cross currency pair is an FX pair that does not include the US dollar, such as EUR/GBP or AUD/NZD, and it is used to trade the relative value of two non-USD currencies.
In the context of Forex CFDs, a Currency Pair is the quotation of two different currencies, with the value of one being measured against the other.
Delta measures how much an option’s price tends to change for a one-unit move in the underlying.
Depth of market shows available buy and sell interest at multiple price levels.
Drawdown is the decline from a peak in account equity to a subsequent low, often used as a risk measure.
An economic calendar lists scheduled data releases and events that can influence market volatility.
Account equity is your balance plus unrealised profit or loss on open positions.
Equity refers to ownership in a company, commonly traded as shares or stocks.
Event risk is the chance of sharp, unpredictable price movement caused by scheduled releases or unexpected headlines that change market expectations.
Execution is how a trade is filled, including price, speed, and whether it matches the quoted level.
Execution quality describes how reliably orders are filled at expected prices and speeds under real market conditions.
Overnight financing is a cost or credit applied when a position is held beyond the trading day.
The FOMC is the US Federal Reserve committee responsible for monetary policy decisions.
Forex is the market for exchanging one currency for another, usually traded in pairs.
Free margin is the portion of your account equity available to open new positions or absorb losses.
A gap is a price jump where trading moves from one level to another without prints in between.

GDP

GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced by an economy over a set period.
A guaranteed stop is a stop-loss feature designed to cap downside by guaranteeing the exit price, usually for a cost.
A hedge ratio describes how much of one position is used to offset risk in another position.
Hedging is managing risk by reducing exposure to adverse price moves, often using offsetting positions.
High volatility describes markets with larger and faster price swings than usual.
Inflation is the rate at which prices for goods and services rise over time, reducing purchasing power.
Jobs data refers to labour market indicators such as employment growth, unemployment, and wage inflation.
Jobs data refers to labour market indicators such as employment growth, unemployment, and wage inflation.
A key level is a price zone widely watched by market participants, often linked to support or resistance.
Leverage allows exposure larger than the capital committed, increasing both potential gains and losses.
A limit order is an instruction to buy or sell at a specified price or better.
Liquidity is the ability to buy or sell without causing a large change in price.
Lot size is a standard unit used to express trade size in many FX and CFD platforms.
Margin is the amount of capital required to open and maintain a leveraged position.
A margin call occurs when account equity falls below required margin levels, prompting action to reduce risk.
Margin level is a measure of account health based on equity relative to used margin.
Market depth reflects the available buy and sell interest at different price levels.
A market order is an instruction to buy or sell immediately at the best available price.
News risk is the chance of sharp price movement driven by unexpected headlines or data surprises.
NY close refers to the end of the New York trading session, often used as a consistent reference point for daily and weekly market performance.
Order flow is the stream of buy and sell orders that helps determine short term price movement.
Order types are instructions that define how and when a trade should be executed.
A partial fill occurs when only part of an order is executed, with the remainder filled later or not at all.
A US inflation measure based on consumer spending data that the Federal Reserve watches closely when assessing price stability.
A pipette is a fractional pip used to quote FX prices with more precision.
A pip is a standard unit of price movement in many FX pairs, often the fourth decimal place.
Position size is the amount of exposure taken in a trade and is a key driver of risk.
Positioning refers to how market participants are allocated across long and short exposures.
Price impact is the change in price caused by executing an order, especially in thinner markets.
The quote currency is the second currency in an FX pair and represents what the pair is priced in.
Relative strength describes which currency, asset, or market is outperforming others over the same period, helping you compare performance across instruments rather than looking at one chart in isolation.
A requote occurs when the originally displayed price is no longer available and a new price is presented.
A risk premium is the extra return investors demand for holding a riskier asset.
Risk sentiment describes whether markets are broadly positioned toward higher-risk assets (risk-on) or capital preservation (risk-off), often driven by growth expectations, policy outlooks, and uncertainty.
Risk-off describes a market regime where participants prioritise capital preservation, reduce exposure to higher-risk assets, and favour liquidity and defensive positioning.
Risk-on describes a market regime where participants are comfortable taking risk, often favouring growth and higher-beta assets as confidence improves and risk premiums compress.
Risk-on and risk-off describe market regimes where investors either seek riskier assets or move into safer ones.
Rollover refers to the process of carrying a position over to the next trading day and applying overnight financing.
A safe haven is an asset that may hold value better during stress, though behaviour can change by regime.
Sentiment describes the prevailing attitude of market participants, ranging from optimistic to cautious, and often influences positioning, volatility, and short-term price behaviour.
Slippage is the difference between the expected price of a trade and the price it is actually filled at.
The spread is the difference between the bid and ask price and represents a primary trading cost in many markets.
Spread widening is when the bid-ask spread increases, often during volatility or reduced liquidity.
A stop loss is an order or level used to limit downside by closing a position if price moves against you.
A stop order becomes a market order once a trigger price is reached, and it is used to enter or exit at defined levels.
A stop out is the automatic closure of positions when margin levels fall below a defined threshold.
Support and resistance are price zones where buying or selling interest has historically been strong.
A take profit order is used to close a position at a specified level to lock in gains if reached.
A thin market is a market with lighter liquidity and less depth near the current price, which can make prices more sensitive and fills less smooth.
A timeframe is the time interval used to display price data on a chart, such as 1H, 4H, or daily.
TINA stands for “There Is No Alternative” and is used to describe periods when investors keep favouring one asset class, often equities, because alternatives appear less attractive.
A trend describes a persistent direction in price movement over time.
The underlying is the reference instrument whose price movement a derivative contract tracks.
The US Dollar Index (DXY) is a measure of the US dollar’s value against a basket of major currencies, often used as a quick gauge of broad USD strength or weakness.
USD strength describes periods where the US dollar appreciates broadly against other currencies, often driven by yields, policy expectations, growth differentials, and global risk sentiment.
Volatility describes how much and how fast prices move over time. Full:
VWAP is the volume-weighted average price and is used as a reference level for average trading price.
A whipsaw is a rapid move in one direction followed quickly by a reversal, often during news or low liquidity.
A whitelist is a controlled list of approved partners or sources used to manage how enquiries are introduced.
XAU/USD is the market symbol for the gold price quoted in US dollars.
Yields represent the effective return on bonds and are a key driver of FX, equities, and risk sentiment.
Zero-sum thinking is the belief that one participant’s gain must always come directly from another’s loss, which can oversimplify market structure.
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